Treatment Health

Hodgkin's disease is a group of cancers. It also called is lymphomas. Hodgkin's is a malignancy (cancer) of lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes. Hodgkin's lymphoma is most common among people 15 to 35 and 50 to 70 years old. Lymph nodes make and store infection-fighting white blood cells, called lymphocytes. They are connected throughout the body by lymph vessels (narrow tubes similar to blood vessels). These lymph vessels carry a colorless, watery fluid (lymphatic fluid) that contains lymphocytes. Hodgkin's disease can start almost anywhere, but most often starts in lymph nodes in the upper part of the body. The most common sites are in the chest, neck, or under the arms. . It rarely gets into the blood vessels and can spread to almost any other site in the body, including the liver and lungs. Lymph nodes enlarge for many reasaons. Although Hodgkin's disease is one cause, enlarged lymph nodes are more commonly a result of the body fighting an infection. There are two kinds of lymphomas: Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The cancer cells in Hodgkin's disease are called Reed-Sternberg cells.

Most scientists now believe that Reed-Sternberg cells are a type of malignant B lymphocyte. Normal B lymphocytes are the cells that make antibodies that help fight infections. Systemic symptoms such as fever and weight loss. Hodgkin's lymphoma most common sign and symptoms is Swollen and it is a painless. About one-third of people with Hodgkin's disease may also notice some systemic symptoms, such as low-grade fever, night sweats, weight loss, itchy skin (pruritus), or fatigue. Splenomegaly, or enlargement of the spleen, occurs in about 30% of people with Hodgkin's lymphoma. The enlargement, however, is seldom massive. The liver may also be enlarged due to liver involvement in the disease in about 5% of cases. Hodgkin's cause germs or by eating the wrong foods. People who have had Epstein-Barr virus, which can cause infectious mononucleosis (mono), may be at a slightly higher risk for Hodgkin's.

Causes of Hodgkin's Disease

1.Germs( Epstein-Barr virus).

2.Eating the wrong foods.

3.Nodular sclerosis.

Symptoms of Hodgkin's Disease

1.Fatigue.

2.Fever and chills.

3.Night sweats.

4.Weight loss.

5.Loss of appetite.

6.Neck pain.

7.Hair loss.

Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease

1.Chemotherapy (using drugs to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors).

2.Bone marrow and peripheral blood transplants - transplants (actually high dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with a "rescue" of the immune system) are being used for certain patients, especially with recurrent disease.

3.Immunotherapy is being studied in Hodgkin's treatment including monoclonal antibody therapy (such as rituxan) and vaccine therapy may not be far off.

4.Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.

5.Several types of therapy may be combined - for example immunotherapy is being studied in conjunction with traditional chemotherapy drugs

Brucellosis is a bacteria, disease. Brucellosis is also called Mediterranean fever. It caused by a Brucella canis bacteria. These bacteria are passed among animals and vertebrates. The bacteria enters the body through mucous membranes and spreads from there to lymph nodes and the spleen. It also spreads to the uterus, placenta and prostate gland as well as other internal organs at times. In humans brucellosis can cause a range of symptoms that are similar to the flu and may include fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. Severe infections of the central nervous systems or lining of the heart may occur. Brucellosis can also cause long-lasting or chronic symptoms that include recurrent fevers, joint pain, and fatigue. Brucellosis can be very common in countries where animal disease control programs have not reduced the amount of disease among animals. High risk of Brucellosis in South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.

Unpasteurized cheeses, sometimes called "village cheeses," from these areas may represent a particular risk for tourists. The causative agent of brucellosis in dogs is Brucella canis. It is transmitted to other dogs through breeding and contact with aborted fetuses. Brucellosis can occur in humans that come in contact with infected aborted tissue or semen. The bacteria in dogs normally infect the genitals and lymphatic system, but can also spread to the eye, kidney, and intervertebral disc (causing discospondylitis). Symptoms of brucellosis in dogs include abortion in bitches and scrotal inflammation and orchitis Brucella organisms in samples of blood or bone marrow. If this method is used, two blood samples should be collected 2 weeks apart.Treatment of brucellosis mostly doxycycline and rifampin are used in combination for 6 weeks to prevent reoccuring infection.

Causes of Brucellosis

Direct person-to-person spread of brucellosis is extremely rare. It also spreads to the uterus, placenta and prostate gland as well as other internal organs at times. Humans are generally infected in three ways: eating , drinking and breathing. Unpasteurized goat milk and related dairy products is the main route of B melitensis transmission to humans. The most common way to be infected is by eating or drinking contaminated milk products. Sexual transmission has also been reported. For both sexual and breast-feeding transmission, if the infant or person at risk is treated for brucellosis, their risk of becoming infected will probably be eliminated within 3 days. Farmers and shepherds have similar exposure risks, and they also have exposure to aborted animals. Slaughterhouse workers, primarily those in the kill areas, become inoculated through aerosolization of fluids, contamination of skin abrasions, and splashing of mucous membranes. Laboratory workers (microbiologists) are exposed by processing specimens (aerosols) without special precautions. Veterinarians usually are infected by inadvertent inoculation of animal vaccines against B abortus and B melitensis.

Symptoms of Brucellosis

1.Fever.

2.Headache.

3.Weakness.

4.Profuse sweating

5.Chills.

6.Weight loss and generalized aching.

Treatment of Brucellosis

1.Doxycycline and rifampin are used in combination for 6 weeks to prevent reoccuring infection.

2.Aminoglycosides streptomycin and gentamicin are effective against Brucella bacteria.

3.Gentamicin 5 mg/kg by intramuscular injection once daily for 7 days is an acceptable substitute

4.Provide supportive care for any specific symptoms and obtain appropriate tests targeted to affected organ systems as determined by history and physical.

5.All infected animals should be neutered or spayed to prevent sexually related transmission. All infected animals should be considered to be lifelong carriers of the disease.

Rubeola is an acute highly contagious disease is also known Measles. Measles is a virus. It is is a highly contagious and respiratory infection. It is mostly seen in the winter and spring. Rubeola is preventable by proper immunization with the measles vaccine. Measles is spread through respiration (contact with fluids from an infected person's nose and mouth, either directly or through aerosol transmission), and is highly contagious—90% of people without immunity sharing a house with an infected person will catch it. Airborne precautions should be taken for all suspected cases of measles. Rubeola is preventable by proper immunization with the measles vaccine. Sometimes, it is spread through air-borne droplets from an infected child. This is a very contagious disease that usually consists of a rash, fever, and cough. Child is contagious one to two days before the onset of signs and symptoms and three to five days after the rash develops.The measles rash typically has a red or reddish brown blotchy appearance, and first usually shows up on the forehead, then spreads downward over the face, neck, and body, then down to the feet. During the early phase of the disease (which lasts between one to four days), symptoms usually resemble those of an upper respiratory infection.

Rubeola is very rare in the United States. Measles typically causes moderate illness. Patients with HIV, or certain types of leukemia or lymphoma, are more likely to develop severe complications from measles. The most important thing you can do to protect your child from measles is to have him or her vaccinated according to the schedule. Symptoms of rubeola may resemble other skin conditions or medical problems. Measles infection has no sex predilection. It has an incubation period of 7-14 days (average, 10-11 d). It is communicable just before the beginning of the prodromal symptoms, until approximately 4 days following the onset of the exanthem. The prodrome develops on day zero following incubation. If fever is making your child more uncomfortable, you may want to give a non-aspirin fever medication such as acetaminophen.Use a cool-mist vaporizer to relieve cough and to soothe breathing passages. Clean the vaporizer each day to prevent mold from growing. Avoid hot-water or steam vaporizers that can cause accidental burns and scalds in children.

Causes of Rubeola

Measles or Rubeola spread many causes frst is measles is caused by a virus. Rubeola virus is classified as a Morbillivirus. Measles can also be passed by direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected persons or objects contaminated with the measles virus. Increased fluid intake acetaminophen for fever (Do not give aspirin). Measles epidemics occur every 2-3 years in areas of the world without effective immunization programs and there are small localized outbreaks in the intervening years. Measles is among the most readily transmitted of all infectious diseases. It is like chickenpox. It also can happen when people touch used tissues, share drinking glasses or touch hands that have infected droplets on them.

Symptoms of Rubeola

1.Cough.

2.Redness and irritation of the eyes.

3.Fever.

4.Itching.

5.Diarrhea.

Treatment of Rubeola

There is no specific treatment for Rubeola. Treatment for measles generally consists of only supportive care. Children with measles should get extra rest to help them recover. Cool-mist humidifier to soothe respiratory passages and relieve cough, and acetaminophen (Tylenol) to reduce fever and relieve discomfort. Do not use aspirin in children with measles because of the risk of developing a rare liver and brain problem called Reye's syndrome. For most kids, the measles vaccine is part of the measles-mumps-rubella immunizations (MMR) given at 12 to 15 months of age and again at 4 to 6 years of age. As is the case with all immunization schedules, there are important exceptions and special circumstances. As with any viral infection, encourage your child to drink clear fluids: water, fruit juice, tea, and lemonade. These will help replace bodily fluids your child loses in the heat and sweating of fever episodes.

With the development of science and medicines, there are many ways that are claiming to cause wrinkle reduction as well as its prevention. But not everybody will have same reaction towards what the technology is presenting to them. There are effective ways to counter the problem without having to spend too much.
Signs of Aging

There are many signs of aging. And everybody will go to such process because this is natural. As you grow old, you will no longer have the capacity to carry out certain tasks. If you excel in sports while you were at your prime, your skills will disintegrate as your age zooms up. This is because of the bodily changes that is happening and will be happening to all people who will experience aging.

But this is not a bad thing. If you have lived your life to its fullest, you will no longer have anything to worry about once you feel the changes. But if it's just wrinkles that you are concerned about, more than the rheumatism, body pains, arthritis and all those pains that come with age, here are some of the natural ways to slow the process.

Reducing the Lines
If you see the lines on your face getting deeper and more pronounced, the first thing you have to do is look at your lifestyle. Yes, that simple. There is no need to head on to your trusted cosmetic surgeon. But there is also nothing wrong with that as long as you consult the right professional who has all the accreditations, education and practice.

But for those of you who want to do this the natural way, here are some tricks and tips that have worked wonders for many people. You never know, these may also work for you in reducing those unwanted lines.

1. Healthy diet
Eat right and your skin will benefit in the process. Include in your diet fresh fruits, vegetables as well as whole grains. Cook your food using healthy oils like olive oil that can also be used in salads and the likes.

This will protect your skin against what you call oxidative stress. Following this step will allow you to live up to your 70s with only few lines. The reason for this is the high levels of compounds that are anti oxidants which can be found on most of these foods.

2. Exercise
This will not only make your muscles stronger, this will also help you maintain a glowing skin. Doing your daily exercises will keep your blood flowing. It will then bring oxygen to your skin.

3. Avoid the vices
Having the vices like smoking and drinking can be bad for the skin. These will increase the lines and creases on your face as you age. Add the fact that these are also not good for your health.

4. Avoid stressing yourself out
When you are young, you always want to prove yourself worth. But as you age and when you've already proven what you meant, stay out of the stressful life's route. That will not only cause you hypertension but it will also cause your skin to wrinkle easily.

5. Stay happy
Happy people look younger than those who are always gloomy. They are pleasant to look at. Their skin is as vibrant as their personality. So look for ways to find your happiness and stay in that zone as long as it takes. That will surely make your goal of wrinkle reduction an achievable feat.

It never ceases to amaze me just how many people suffer from drug or alcohol abuse. Thank god there are alcohol and drug treatment programs out there to help these people. Of course the big problem with this is that they can only help people who are willing to be helped! And unfortunately most drug addicts or alcoholics do not believe that they have a problem to be fixed.

I know as a little girl growing up I had to witness my own mother live with alcoholism. This was not a pretty sight at all. I must admit that my mother was pretty good at hiding it to people out side the home and even being able to keep a job for awhile any way. Eventually it took over her life so completely that she didn't care about what anyone thought. As a child living in a dysfunctional home I didn't have the knowledge or power to help her. I had no idea that there was alcohol and drug treatment programs available let alone be able to get her to go to one.

Most people who start out taking drugs or drinking too much are not bad people, they may have just lost their way or perhaps have had some tragedy in their lives or perhaps they just don't feel they can cope with day to day life on their own. Whatever the reason, they soon become dependant and this is when they need outside help. Unfortunately they will not ask for help and often friends and family don't believe they need to be the one to help. This is so sad because these people really do need intervention to help them overcome this disease.

I wish I had helped my mother. She eventually died from throat cancer and emphysema (both caused by being an alcoholic and a big smoker). She also lived a very lonely life and ended up in a nursing home type of accommodation. If only she had alcohol and drug treatment many years before then things could have been much better for her. But we can all say 'what if' I suppose.

One of the saddest things are that there are so many young people suffering from this. They haven't even started living and they are throwing away what little life they have lived by becoming addicted. They also become a different person and in many cases become violent, abusive, steal, lie, live on the streets and either end up in prison or worse still, dead. What a tragic waste of life?

If you know someone who is in need of alcohol and drug treatment please try to help that person. It may be difficult but sometimes the person in question is waiting for someone to help. Not all alcoholics or addicted people are a lost cause!

Gas Gangrene also called is Clostridial and Myonecrosis. It is caused by Clostridium perfringens(ecrotizing subcutaneous infection). This bacteria is belong to Group A Streptococcus. Clostridium bacteria is produce toxins and it cause tissue death and associated symptoms. It generally occurs at a wound or surgical site, causing painful swelling and destruction of involved tissue. Other common clostridial species that cause gas gangrene include Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium novyi, Clostridium fallax, Clostridium histolyticum, and Clostridium tertium. These environmental bacteria may enter the muscle through a wound and go on to proliferate in necrotic tissue and secrete powerful toxins. These toxins destroy nearby tissue, generating gas at the same time. A gas composition of 5.9% hydrogen, 3.4% carbon dioxide, 74.5% nitrogen and 16.1% oxygen was reported in one clinical caseGas gangrene is rapidly progressive and often fatal. Bacteria in the Clostridium species are gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic rods normally found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals.

Gangrene is devided in four Types. Premary is Dry gangrene. If the blood flow is interrupted for a reason other than severe bacterial infection, the result is a dry gangrene. The early signs of dry gangrene are a dull ache and sensation of coldness in the area, along with pallor of the flesh. If caught early, the process can sometimes be reversed by vascular surgery. Second is Internal gangrene it section is a stub.In this gangrene the tissues become white. It is located inside the body, usually after surgery or trauma. Also called "white gangrene".Third is Wet gangrene like in dry gangrene, the blood flow is interrupted, but there is also a bacterial infection. Due to liquefactive necrosis, liquid is released and last is Gas gangrene. Gas gangrene is a bacterial infection that produces gas within tissues in gangrene. It is a deadly form of gangrene usually caused by Clostridium perfringens bacteria. Treatment is usually surgical debridement and excision with amputation necessary in many cases. Antibiotics alone are not effective because they do not penetrate ischemic muscles sufficiently. However, penicillin is given as an adjuvant treatment to surgery.

Causes of Gas Gangrene

1.Clostridium perfringens(bacteria ).

2.Atherosclerosis

3.Surgery

4.Trauma

5.Gastrointestinal malignancy

6.Hypoalbuminemia

7.Chronic alcoholism

8.Diabetes

Symptoms of Gas Gangrene

1.Moderate to severe pain around a skin injury

2.Progressive swelling around a skin injury

3.Moderate to high fever

4.Sweating

5.Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Treatment of Gas Gangrene

1.Treatment is usually debridement and excision with amputation necessary in many cases.

2.Antibiotics are not effective but penicillin is given as an adjuvant treatment to surgery.

3.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is used and acts to inhibit the growth of and kill the anaerobic C. perfringens.

4. Analgesics may be required to control pain.

Multiple myeloma is also called is Plasma-cell myeloma. It is an incurable but treatable disease. Plasma-cell myeloma is a cancer in plasma cells. Plasma cells is a type of white blood cell and white blood cell is helpful to know about normal blood cells. Normal plasma cells are an important part of the immune system. Plasma cells usually make up less than 5 percent of the cells in your bone marrow. But if you have multiple myeloma, a group of abnormal plasma cells (myeloma cells) multiplies, raising the percentage of plasma cells to more than 10 percent of the cells in your bone marrow. The result can be erosion of your bones. Signs and symptoms of the disease can vary from person to person. One of the most common symptoms is bone pain. A common sign is the presence of abnormal proteins in your blood or urine. These proteins — which are antibodies or parts of antibodies and called monoclonal, or M, proteins.

Multiple myeloma also interferes with the function of your bone marrow and immune system, which can lead to anemia and infection. Multiple myeloma may also cause problems with your kidneys. Myeloma can be asymptomatic or insidious. The disease can cause systemic ailments, including infections and renal failure, and local catastrophes, including pathologic fractures and spinal cord compression. Anemia can occur as myeloma cells replace oxygen-carrying red blood cells in your bone marrow, which may lead to another common symptom — fatigue.Other signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma may include is Unexplained bone fractures ,Repeated infections — such as pneumonia, bladder or kidney infection, or sinusitis
Weakness or numbness in your legs and Weight loss. Chemotherapy is the most common treatment for this disease. It involves using medicines — taken orally as a pill or given through an intravenous (IV) injection — to kill myeloma cells.

Causes of Multiple Myeloma

Many causes of Multiple myeloma. The causes is devided four types. First is Genetic causes. Mayo clinic found disease in 8 siblings out of 440 patients; these 8 siblings had different heavy chains but the same light chains.Second is environmental or occupational causese exposures in the agriculture, food, and petrochemical industries. Long-term (>20 y) exposure to hair dyes has been tied to an excessive risk of developing myeloma. Third is multiple myeloma develops from a harmless condition. It is called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and last is Radiation.

Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

1.Weight loss.

2.Excessive thirst and urination.

3.Constipation.

4.Nausea.

5.Loss of appetite.

6.Mental confusion.

Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

1.Tandem autologous transplants have been proposed as a way of overcoming the incomplete response to a single transplant.

2.Using the patient's own (ie, autologous) bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells facilitates more intense antimyeloma therapy.

3.Initial therapy is aimed at treating symptoms and reducing the burden of disease. Commonly used induction regimens include dexamethasone with or without thalidomide, and VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and dexamethasone).

4.Use allogeneic (ie, from someone else) transplantation.

5.Chemotherapy is the most common treatment for this disease. It involves using medicines — taken orally as a pill or given through an intravenous (IV) injection — to kill myeloma cells.

6. Velcade is a treatment for resistant forms of multiple myeloma. It's the first drug in a new class of medications called proteasome inhibitors.

7.Radiation therapy. This treatment uses high-energy penetrating waves to damage myeloma cells and stop their growth. Radiation therapy.